Indonesia: barriers to health graduate employment

Indonesia is facing rising unemployment among health and pharmacy graduates due to regulatory barriers that limit access to required professional training programs. Although the country has nearly 4,900 undergraduate health programs, there are far fewer professional program seats—such as only about 100 for pharmacy—creating a bottleneck that prevents many graduates from obtaining licensure. Financial burdens and limited capacity further exacerbate the issue. Government officials and experts are calling for reforms to expand professional education opportunities and improve the transition from education to employment in the healthcare sector.

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